本日選文（共 8 篇）。

[1168] 熱活化靜摩擦可解釋地震相互作用

Thermally Activated Static Friction Can Explain Earthquake Interactions

  • 期刊：Earth and Space Science (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC
  • Published：Thu, 02 Apr 2026 03:54:53 -0700
  • DOI：10.1029/2025JB032266
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) Earthquake time asymmetry and the ubiquity of aftershocks remain poorly understood. Using a spring–slider model that combines elastic stress transfer with reaction-rate theory for thermally activated static friction, the authors introduce a microscopic timescale and temperature and reproduce many features of natural seismicity, including a power-law distribution of seismic moments, Omori and productivity laws for aftershocks, clustering of aftershocks near rupture edges, and a strong time asymmetry in the seismic cycle.

重點摘要（繁中） 地震的時間非對稱性與餘震的普遍性長期難以解釋。作者以彈簧-滑塊模型將彈性應力傳遞與基於反應速率理論的熱激活靜摩擦結合，並引入微觀時間尺度與溫度，能再現許多自然地震特徵，包括震矩的冪次分布、餘震的奧摩里與生產率定律、餘震在主震破裂邊緣的聚集，以及地震循環的強烈時間非對稱性。

[1172] 2023年2月6日 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş 地震在 Türkoğlu 交會處的破裂：斷裂傳播遵循最小阻力路徑的案例

The 2023 February 6 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake rupture at a cross-road in Türkoğlu: a case for path of least resistance for rupture propagation

  • 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS
  • Published：Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT
  • DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag117
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The 6 February 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake reactivated the East Anatolian Fault Zone but the surface rupture deviated from the expected Türkoğlu–Osmaniye route across the Amanos Mountains and instead followed the western margin of the Karasu Valley. The authors attribute this deviation to structural differences: the Amanos Range has thicker, intact crust with velocity‑strengthening basement that acted as a barrier, whereas the transtensional, dilated and thinner crust of the Karasu Valley neutralized basement friction and provided a rheologically compliant path of least resistance. The Türkoğlu–Osmaniye segment has been quiet for ~1500 years, accumulating an estimated ~7 m slip deficit, and the 2023 event increased stress on that fault, so the likelihood of a future M>7 earthquake there is high and requires urgent preparedness.

重點摘要（繁中） 2023年2月6日的Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş地震重啟了東安納托利亞斷裂帶，但地表破裂未沿預期經過阿曼諾斯山的Türkoğlu–Osmaniye段，而是轉向沿Karasu谷西側延伸。研究指出此偏移由構造差異所主導：阿曼諾斯山具有較厚且完整的地殼與速度增強的基底，能阻擋破裂；相對地，Karasu谷呈走滑拉張構造、地殼稀薄且結構膨鬆，削弱了基底摩擦，形成阻力最小的破裂通道。Türkoğlu–Osmaniye段約1500年未發生大震、按約4.8 mm/yr的滑移速率累積約7 m的滑移赤字，且2023年事件已增加該段的應力，因此該區發生M>7地震的潛勢高，需立即強化防災準備。

[1176] 未開溝表面型光纖分布式聲學感測（S-DAS）在近地表地震探測之表現：與傳統感測器的比較

Performance of untrenched surface-DAS in near-surface seismic exploration: a comparison with conventional sensors

  • 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS
  • Published：Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT
  • DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag082
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) This study compares untrenched surface fibre‑optic distributed acoustic sensing (S‑DAS) with conventional three‑component geophones and vertical accelerometers in hardrock settings, converting all data to particle velocity for direct amplitude comparison. Untrenched S‑DAS showed amplitude differences especially above 50 Hz, reduced sensitivity and coherence at higher frequencies and larger offsets, and a systematic time delay in the surface‑wave band; however, within the surface‑wave band up to 35 Hz the data were adequate to derive reliable shear‑wave velocity profiles, particularly after resorting to common‑receiver gathers. Ambient noise interferometry proved ineffective for the untrenched DAS array due to variable channel coupling and system noise, and the paper outlines both the limitations and practical potential of untrenched deployment as a cost‑effective alternative to trenching.

重點摘要（繁中） 本研究在硬岩場址系統性比較未挖溝的地表光纖分佈聲學感測（S‑DAS）與傳統的三分量地震儀及垂直加速度計，所有資料均轉為粒子速度以便直接比較振幅。未挖溝 S‑DAS 在 50 Hz 以上顯示明顯振幅差異，高頻與大偏移量時靈敏度與相干性下降，且在地表波頻帶出現系統性時延；但在最高約 35 Hz 的地表波頻帶內，資料品質足以推導可靠的剪切波速剖面，尤其在重排序為共同接收道後表現更佳。由於通道耦合變異與系統噪音，未挖溝 DAS 在環境噪聲干涉法上無效，本文指出此省時省成本部署方式的侷限與實際應用潛力。

[1204] 利用分布式聲學感測（DAS）之地震量測研究紐西蘭哈斯特近地表速度結構

Characterization of Near‐Surface Velocity Structure at Haast, New Zealand, Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Measurements of Seismicity

  • 期刊：JGR: Solid Earth (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC
  • Published：Sat, 04 Apr 2026 02:13:06 -0700
  • DOI：10.1029/2025GL120111
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The authors used distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) along a 30 km telecommunications fiber near Haast, New Zealand, to analyze 25 earthquakes and probe near-surface structure beneath the Haast river valley. They observed delayed P- and S-wave arrivals incompatible with the regional velocity model and showed with a planar slab model that these delays scale with the thickness of underlying low-velocity layers. 3D ray-tracing identified basin-like low-velocity zones about 1–4 km wide and 200–650 m deep, interpreted as sediment-filled erosional basins that could amplify shaking; results agree with independent seismic and gravity data and demonstrate DAS’s potential for high-resolution subsurface imaging.

重點摘要（繁中） 研究者在紐西蘭Haast沿一段30公里的電信光纖上使用分布式聲學感測（DAS）記錄了25次地震，以探測Haast河谷下方的近地表構造。觀測到在相同位置出現與區域速度模型不符的P波與S波延遲到達，並以平面板塊模型顯示這些延遲與低速層厚度成正比。3D射線追蹤揭示寬約1–4公里、深約200–650公尺的盆狀低速體，推論為填砂沉積的侵蝕性盆地，可能增強大地震時的地面震動；結果與獨立的地震與重力測量相符，並彰顯DAS在高解析度地下探測上的潛力。

[1206] 透過分散式聲學感測（DAS）在深海觀測寬頻海嘯

Observing Broadband Tsunamis in Deep Water Via Distributed Acoustic Sensing

  • 期刊：JGR: Solid Earth (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC
  • Published：Sat, 04 Apr 2026 02:07:29 -0700
  • DOI：10.1029/2025GL120114
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The authors used distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) on a submarine cable at Muroto, combined with nearby absolute pressure gauges, to compare optical-fiber strain measurements with sea-level changes for infragravity waves and two tsunamis (Torishima 2023 and Kamchatka 2025). They found empirical relations between fiber strain and sea-level signals at frequencies above ~5 mHz, while lower-frequency (<5 mHz) DAS signals from the Kamchatka tsunami were observed at 1,000–2,000 m water depth and likely reflect temperature variations from internal waves. The study suggests high-frequency DAS-derived strains could help estimate tsunami wave heights and that low-frequency DAS signals may be useful for early tsunami detection.

重點摘要（繁中） 作者在室戶（Muroto）使用分布式聲學感測（DAS）與附近的絕對壓力計，比較光纖應變量測與潮位變化，針對背景的次重力波及兩次海嘯（鳥島2023與堪察加2025）進行分析。研究發現纖維應變與海面信號在高於約5 mHz的頻率有經驗關係，而低於5 mHz的DAS訊號在1,000–2,000公尺水深可觀測到，可能來自海嘯激發的內波造成的溫度變化。結果顯示，高頻應變訊號有望用來估計海嘯波高，低頻DAS則可能用於早期偵測。

[1217] 地殼熱流驅動地震震級分布

Crustal Heat Flow Drives the Earthquake Magnitude Distribution

  • 期刊：JGR: Solid Earth (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC
  • Published：Sun, 05 Apr 2026 21:15:11 -0700
  • DOI：10.1029/2025GL120494
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The paper analyzes space–time variations in earthquake magnitude–frequency distributions by focusing on the b‑value, which quantifies the relative proportion of small versus large earthquakes. It reports that b‑values are systematically higher in regions with elevated crustal heat flow across different tectonic settings and faulting styles, suggesting thermal conditions fundamentally influence earthquake size distributions and the likelihood of large events.

重點摘要（繁中） 本文分析地震震級頻率分布的時空變化，重點為描述小震與大震相對比例的 b 值。研究發現不論構造環境或斷層型態，地殼熱流較高的區域其 b 值系統性較高，暗示熱條件在控制地震規模分布與大型地震發生機率上扮演關鍵角色。

[1227] 在羅馬都會區（義大利）結合易發性、脆弱度與暴露度以進行篩選級陷穴風險圖製作

Integrating susceptibility, vulnerability and exposure for screening level sinkhole risk mapping in Metropolitan Rome (Italy)

  • 期刊：Earth-Science Reviews (ScienceDirect)
  • DOI：10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108740
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The study produces a screening-level sinkhole risk mapping workflow for Metropolitan Rome by integrating a susceptibility proxy (H), building vulnerability (V) and exposure (E) into a normalized 0–1 index, noting H is a susceptibility proxy rather than an annual probability. Using an ISPRA inventory of 1,834 sinkholes (1960–2023), ~2,800 mapped cavities and nine predictors, an XGBoost model with district-based cross-validation produced a high-resolution susceptibility map (ROC‑AUC = 0.915 ± 0.04); SHAP analysis indicates cavity density/proximity and sewer-network variables dominate susceptibility, with secondary influence from flood-prone areas and post-2010 event clustering near cavities, sewers and flood zones. Combining susceptibility with census-tract vulnerability and population, the two highest risk classes include 1,521 tracts (~23%), affecting over 400,000 residents (~34%) and about €127 billion exposure concentrated in Districts 1–2 and 5–7; the maps are intended for prioritisation and require field verification for parcel-level decisions.

重點摘要（繁中） 本研究為羅馬都會區建立篩選級的凹陷（塌陷）風險製圖流程，將以易發性為代理的危害項(H)、建築脆弱度(V)與曝露(E)整合成0–1標準化指數，且H並非年發生率。研究使用ISPRA 1960–2023年共1,834起事件、約2,800處人造地下空洞與九項地質/人為預測因子，並以XGBoost（區域交叉驗證下ROC‑AUC = 0.915 ± 0.04）產出高解析度易發性圖；SHAP解釋顯示空洞密度/距離及污水網絡為主導因子，洪氾區為次要貢獻，且2010年後事件有加速並在空洞、下水道與淹水區聚集。將易發性與普查區的建物脆弱度及人口合併後，兩個最高風險等級涵蓋1,521個普查區（約23%），影響超過40萬居民（約34%）及約1,270億歐元曝露，分布集中於第1–2及5–7行政區；結果供篩選與優先化使用，需以現場調查驗證，並不適用於地段/建物層級的設計或法規用途。

[1229] 從弧形正斷層懸盤地層幾何推定斷層幾何：一種數值解法

Inferring fault geometry from hanging wall bedding geometry in listric normal faults: A numerical solution

  • 期刊：Tectonophysics (ScienceDirect)
  • DOI：10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231191
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The paper presents a numerical method to infer deep listric normal-fault geometry from well-imaged shallow hanging-wall bedding using the inclined shear model. It derives a quantitative relationship for the strata deflection angle that depends only on four geometric parameters (dips of the upper and lower fault segments, axial surface, and initial bedding), enabling sequential prediction of deep fault-segment dips and reconstruction of growth and pre-growth strata. The method includes diagnostic criteria to distinguish growth from pre-growth strata, a sensitivity analysis showing the predictions are most sensitive to measured bedding deflection, and tests indicating robustness to regional post-depositional deformation and successful validation with synthetic modeling and a geological case study.

重點摘要（繁中） 本文提出一種數值方法，利用淺部懸壁生長層理面幾何推算深處彎曲正斷層的幾何構造，方法以傾斜剪切模型為理論基礎。研究導出一個量化的地層偏轉角關係式，該偏轉角僅由四個幾何參數決定（上段與下段斷層傾角、軸面傾角及初始層理），可依序預測深部斷層段傾角並重建生長與生長前地層構造。方法還提出區分生長層與生長前層的診斷準則，敏感度分析顯示對淺部層理偏轉角量測最為敏感，並驗證在區域性後成變形下具鲁棒性，且已由合成前向模擬與地質案例驗證其可行性。