本日選文（共 5 篇）。

[562] 2016 年熊本序列的前震後瞬態滑動：第四種前震模式

Post-Foreshock Transient Slip in the 2016 Kumamoto Sequence: A Fourth Foreshock Mode

  • 期刊：Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ScienceDirect)
  • DOI：10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119905
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) Using high-rate GPS and tilt-meter time series, the authors invert the 2016 Kumamoto foreshock sequence and resolve an Mw ∼6.1 afterslip and an Mw ∼5.5 transient slow slip occurring between major foreshocks and the mainshock. The transient slow slip began about 9 hours after the M6.0 foreshock near the mainshock hypocenter and was accompanied by accelerated nearby seismicity, which appears to promote mainshock nucleation through quasi-static stress loading. The paper proposes a classification of foreshock-to-mainshock triggering based on the temporal evolution of seismic versus aseismic slip and identifies a distinct fourth foreshock evolution mode beyond the previously recognized “pre-slip,” “cascade,” and “rate-dependent cascade-up” modes.

重點摘要（繁中） 研究利用高取樣率GPS與傾斜計資料反演2016年熊本前震序列，解析出一次Mw ∼6.1的餘滑與一次Mw ∼5.5的暫態慢滑，發生在主要前震與主震之間。該暫態慢滑在M6.0前震後約9小時於主震震源附近啟動，並伴隨鄰近地區地震活動加速，顯示可能透過準靜態應力增載促進主震成核。作者提出以地震性與無地震性滑動時間演化來分類前震到主震的觸發機制，並指出此序列代表一種不同於“前滑（pre-slip）”、“級聯（cascade）”及“速率依賴級聯上升（rate-dependent cascade-up）”的第四種前震演化模式。

[566] 地球物理應用中分布式聲學感測（DAS）光纜佈局之單目標與多目標優化

Single and multi-objective optimization of distributed acoustic sensing cable layouts for geophysical applications

  • 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS
  • Published：Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT
  • DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag058
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The paper presents a systematic method to optimize distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fibre‑optic cable layouts using spline-based geometry representation and global evolutionary algorithms. The approach handles practical deployment constraints (terrain, accessibility, exclusion zones, cable length, coupling/local site effects) and supports single- and multi-objective optimization with efficient parallelization. A real-world case study in Cuolm da Vi, Switzerland, shows that adapting design criteria for DAS (including directional sensitivity) for seismic source location and ambient-noise surface-wave tomography can substantially improve source-location accuracy and tomographic resolution.

重點摘要（繁中） 本文提出一種系統化方法，使用樣條（spline）表示纜線幾何並以全域演化演算法優化分散式聲測（DAS）光纖佈線。方法可同時納入實際部署限制（地形、可達性、禁區、纜線長度及耦合或局部場地效應），支援單目標與多目標優化並利於平行化運算。以瑞士Cuolm da Vi的實際案例展示，針對DAS特性（如方向性敏感度）調整地震來源定位與環境噪聲表面波層析的設計準則，可顯著提升來源定位精度與層析解析度。

[569] 以高解析度四維基於噪聲之速度變化成像強化滑坡雨水滲透的可視化

Enhanced visualization of rainfall infiltration in landslides using high-resolution 4-D noise-based velocity change imaging

  • 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS
  • Published：Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT
  • DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag037
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The authors applied a wave-packet-based nine-component spatial stacking method with a dense seismic array at the Xishan Village landslide to extract high-temporal (20-min) velocity changes across frequencies, enabling 4-D dynamic imaging of internal landslide changes. They observed complex spatial patterns of velocity change driven by solar thermal radiation and rainfall, and during ~20 mm of rainfall found the largest velocity reduction aligned with a fracture zone at about 8 m depth. The results suggest pre-existing deformation structures increase local permeability, allowing deeper rainwater infiltration that raises pore pressure and reduces seismic velocity, demonstrating the ambient-noise method’s promise for urban landslide monitoring and early warning.

重點摘要（繁中） 研究者在西山村滑坡部署密集地震陣列，並採用波包式九分量空間疊加方法，提取高時間解析度（20 分鐘）且跨頻段的速度變化，實現滑坡內部的 4-D 動態成像。結果顯示速度變化在空間上受太陽熱輻射與降雨影響，約 20 mm 的降雨期間最大速度下降與約 8 公尺深的破裂帶相符。這表明既有變形構造提高局部滲透性，促使雨水滲透更深、提高孔隙壓力並降低速度，突顯環境噪聲方法在城市滑坡監測與預警上的潛力。

[576] 以衰減層析成像繪製2015年智利伊亞佩爾（MW 8.3）地震破裂區域之板間應力集中區（asperities）

Attenuation tomographic mapping of interplate asperities in the rupture region of the 2015 MW 8.3 Illapel, Chile, Earthquake

  • 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS
  • Published：Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT
  • DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag041
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) The authors produced a 3-D shear-wave attenuation (QS) tomography for the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel rupture zone by measuring S/P spectral ratios from 708 aftershocks recorded at 22 broadband stations and inverting the results with a non‑negative least-squares method. They find high-QS anomalies on the Nazca–South America plate interface that spatially correlate with high-frequency radiation and large coseismic slip, which they interpret as asperities, and alternating high/low QS bands aligned with normal-fault fabrics that they interpret as subducted horsts (high QS) and grabens (low QS). The rupture nucleated in a moderate-QS (~400) graben and propagated into two adjacent high-QS (>1000) asperities up- and down-dip, whose failure produced a cascading rupture during the earthquake.

重點摘要（繁中） 研究團隊以708次餘震在22個寬頻地震站的S/P頻譜比測量，並用非負最小平方法反演，建構了2015年Illapel Mw 8.3震區的三維剪切波衰減（QS）成像。結果發現在俯衝界面上有與高頻輻射和大量共同地震滑動空間對應的高QS異常，解釋為斑塊強化（asperities），並觀察到與正斷層構造同向的交替高/低QS帶，分別解釋為下沉的horst（高QS）與充滿沉積物或夾帶地殼材料的graben（低QS）。破裂在一個約QS~400的graben處起始，向上、下傾蔓延至兩個鄰近的高QS（>1000）asperities失穩，並導致連鎖破裂，形成該次大地震的破裂特徵。

[577] 伊朗西南 Gotvand 大壩周圍之水庫相關地震活動變化

Reservoir related seismicity changes around the Gotvand Dam (south west of Iran)

  • 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS
  • Published：Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT
  • DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag043
  • 原文連結：連結

Summary (EN) This study examines 14 years (2006–2019) of local seismicity around the Gotvand reservoir, using a relocated catalogue (over 48,000 events) declustered to 6,464 background earthquakes and approximating the reservoir with 726 point sources. The authors compare spatiotemporal background seismicity with calculated reservoir-induced stress changes (Coulomb) and apply a Coulomb-Rate-and-State seismicity model. They find a slight increase in background activity during impoundment consistent with induced/triggered seismicity, but a notable reduction of seismicity in the reservoir’s central area that matches calculated negative Coulomb stress changes, and the modelled response is consistent with observations.

重點摘要（繁中） 本研究分析了2006–2019年間葛特萬水庫周圍的地震活動，將原始重定位事件（超過48,000次）經3D ETAS去簇列為6,464個背景地震，並以726個點源近似描述水庫。研究將時空背景地震分布與計算出的水庫誘發應力變化（Coulomb）比較，並採用Coulomb-Rate-and-State地震模型。結果顯示，蓄水期間背景地震活動略有增加，指向誘發/觸發地震；但水庫中央區域地震明顯減少，與該處計算到的負Coulomb應力變化相符，模型模擬的時空反應也與觀測一致。