Notes

本日選文（共 3 篇）。 [1024] SPIDER：用於雙差地震重定位的可擴展機率推論 SPIDER: Scalable Probabilistic Inference for Differential Earthquake Relocation 期刊：Earth and Space Science (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC Published：Wed, 25 Mar 2026 05:58:33 -0700 DOI：10.1029/2025JB032769 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) Seismicity catalogs have grown hugely, but Bayesian double‐difference earthquake relocation struggles to scale to the millions of parameters involved. The authors introduce SPIDER, a scalable Bayesian framework for double‐difference hypocenter relocation that pairs a physics‑informed neural network Eikonal solver with Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics to generate posterior samples jointly for entire catalogs. SPIDER explicitly whitens residual correlations that traditional formulations neglect, is designed for multi‑GPU parallelization, and is demonstrated on a synthetic catalog and three real catalogs from California and Japan, with proposed tools to analyze high‑dimensional posteriors. ...

本日選文（共 4 篇）。 [1004] 利用KiK-net二十年資料估算日本岩手縣地下速度與共振頻率變化 Estimating subsurface velocity and resonance frequency changes using two decades of KiK-net data in the Iwate Prefecture, Japan 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS Published：Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag088 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) Using over two decades of KiK-net borehole–surface recordings at 28 stations in Iwate Prefecture, the authors show consistent frequency-domain (stacked Stockwell PSD) and time-domain (multitaper deconvolution and phase cross-correlation) evidence that resonance frequencies and seismic velocities systematically decrease with increasing peak ground acceleration (PGA). Frequency shifts mainly reflect the very shallow layers, while borehole-referenced velocity changes represent a path-averaged perturbation that depends on borehole depth. Across stations, relative velocity reductions average ~12% for the 200–400 cm/s^2 PGA range (implying a shear modulus reduction of ~23%), with stronger nonlinear effects at sites with thicker sedimentary deposits and no clear correlation with VS30. ...

本日選文（共 4 篇）。 [907] 利用新建立的 N-net 海底地震儀網於南海溝日向灘檢測淺部構造性顫動 Detection of Shallow Tectonic Tremors in Hyuga‐nada, Nankai Trough, Using the Newly Established N‐Net OBS Network 期刊：JGR: Solid Earth (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC Published：Tue, 17 Mar 2026 02:06:18 -0700 DOI：10.1029/2025GL121198 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) Using machine-learning on newly deployed offshore N‑net OBS data, the authors detected shallow tectonic tremors in Hyuga‑nada between July 2024 and September 2025. Two major tremor episodes occurred: one immediately after the August 2024 M7.0 earthquake and another three days before the January 2025 M6.7 event, with several tremors migrating alongside seismicity—suggesting slow‑slip transients promoted stress transfer along the plate boundary. Tremors clustered in fluid‑rich plate‑boundary zones and were absent in drained areas, indicating structural heterogeneity controls shallow slow‑earthquake dynamics and providing new insights into slow‑earthquake mechanics. ...

本日選文（共 2 篇）。 [907] 利用新建立的 N-net 海底地震儀網於南海溝日向灘檢測淺部構造性顫動 Detection of Shallow Tectonic Tremors in Hyuga‐nada, Nankai Trough, Using the Newly Established N‐Net OBS Network 期刊：JGR: Solid Earth (AGU/Wiley) — eTOC Published：Tue, 17 Mar 2026 02:06:18 -0700 DOI：10.1029/2025GL121198 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) Using machine-learning on newly deployed offshore N‑net OBS data, the authors detected shallow tectonic tremors in Hyuga‑nada between July 2024 and September 2025. Two major tremor episodes occurred: one immediately after the August 2024 M7.0 earthquake and another three days before the January 2025 M6.7 event, with several tremors migrating alongside seismicity—suggesting slow‑slip transients promoted stress transfer along the plate boundary. Tremors clustered in fluid‑rich plate‑boundary zones and were absent in drained areas, indicating structural heterogeneity controls shallow slow‑earthquake dynamics and providing new insights into slow‑earthquake mechanics. ...

本日選文（共 6 篇）。 [809] DeepSubDAS：基於海底分布式聲學感測（DAS）資料的地震相位挑選器 DeepSubDAS: an earthquake phase picker from submarine distributed acoustic sensing data 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS Published：Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag061 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) Submarine Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) can address the scarcity of seismometers in oceanic regions, but land-trained models perform poorly on submarine data. This study develops a DeepLab v3–based machine learning model specifically for submarine DAS to detect seismic events and pick P- and S-waves, trained and validated on nearly 57 million manually and semi-automatically labelled records from multiple global submarine sites. The model is designed to handle different cable lengths, configurations and channel spacings, providing an adaptable tool for automated earthquake analysis and with potential to support real-time monitoring and tsunami early warning. ...

本日選文（共 1 篇）。 [742] 尺度相依的地震成核：對地震活動、構造與實驗室實驗的啟示 Scale-dependent earthquake nucleation: Implications for seismicity, tectonics and laboratory experiments 期刊：Tectonophysics (ScienceDirect) DOI：10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231156 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) The paper unifies strength-based and fracture-energy views of earthquake nucleation into a single scale-dependent framework in which nucleation stress depends on asperity size relative to a fault characteristic dimension (typically the down-dip width W). Three regimes are identified: small/ thin brittle zones where rupture requires exceeding rock strength, intermediate-sized asperities governed by both strength and energy criteria, and very large seismogenic structures that can fail under very low differential stress. By linking nucleation physics to statistical seismology and tectonics, the framework explains systematic variations in frequency–magnitude distributions (b-values) across settings and provides testable predictions for seismic catalogs and physics-based hazard models. ...

本日選文（共 1 篇）。 [646] 在地形條件嚴峻的瑞士 Lavey 地熱儲層周圍之大型 N 陣列與分布式聲學感測（DAS） Large N-array and DAS around the Lavey geothermal reservoir in Switzerland in challenging topographic settings 期刊：GJI (OUP) — RSS Published：Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT DOI：10.1093/gji/ggag063 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) From April to June 2025, a dense seismic network of 271 three‑component stations was deployed within an 8 km radius around Lavey‑les‑Bains, Switzerland, and complemented by distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) along a buried telecommunication cable to investigate the country’s hottest known natural geothermal system. The site—home to the 3 km‑deep Lavey‑1 well drilled in 2022, which showed unexpectedly low flow despite temperatures above 120°C—lies in the narrow Rhône Valley with steep topography, strong lateral heterogeneity and elevated anthropogenic noise that complicate seismic imaging. The paper describes the network geometry, instrumentation and deployment logistics, assesses data completeness and noise characteristics, and presents initial ambient‑noise and earthquake recordings, reporting high data quality and spatial coverage and establishing a benchmark dataset for developing passive imaging techniques in complex Alpine environments. ...

本日選文（共 5 篇）。 [562] 2016 年熊本序列的前震後瞬態滑動：第四種前震模式 Post-Foreshock Transient Slip in the 2016 Kumamoto Sequence: A Fourth Foreshock Mode 期刊：Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ScienceDirect) DOI：10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119905 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) Using high-rate GPS and tilt-meter time series, the authors invert the 2016 Kumamoto foreshock sequence and resolve an Mw ∼6.1 afterslip and an Mw ∼5.5 transient slow slip occurring between major foreshocks and the mainshock. The transient slow slip began about 9 hours after the M6.0 foreshock near the mainshock hypocenter and was accompanied by accelerated nearby seismicity, which appears to promote mainshock nucleation through quasi-static stress loading. The paper proposes a classification of foreshock-to-mainshock triggering based on the temporal evolution of seismic versus aseismic slip and identifies a distinct fourth foreshock evolution mode beyond the previously recognized “pre-slip,” “cascade,” and “rate-dependent cascade-up” modes. ...

本日選文（共 1 篇）。 [551] 月球採礦試驗場址：de Gerlache、Shackleton 與 Sverdrup–Henson 區域資源開採機會與挑戰之綜述 Test mining sites at the moon: A review of resource extraction opportunities and challenges at de Gerlache, Shackleton, and Sverdrup-Henson Regions 期刊：Earth-Science Reviews (ScienceDirect) DOI：10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108628 原文連結：連結 Summary (EN) This paper evaluates the feasibility of nine candidate sites in the de Gerlache–Shackleton region of the lunar south pole for future mining and extraction activities by comparing geological characteristics, surface slopes, illumination, permanently shadowed regions, thermal environments, and communication constraints. The authors introduce a preliminary optimization-based scoring framework to rank sites by resource potential, engineering constraints, and geologic hazards. Results highlight trade-offs between resource accessibility and operational risk, identify locations that could serve as early testbeds for lunar mining demonstrations, and promote an engineering-geology approach to environmentally informed, transferable site-assessment planning. ...

今天挑兩篇： 1) Seismic‐XR：在混合實境中模擬與視覺化地震地面運動 Seismic‐XR: Simulating and Visualizing Seismic Ground Motions in Mixed Reality 期刊：Seismological Research Letters Advance Access 原文連結：連結 摘要（中文） Seismic-XR 是一個混合實境的教育工具，旨在可視化地震地面運動，讓使用者探索地震波如何與不同地形互動。針對烏塔拉坎地區一次地震的案例研究展示了計算建模、地理空間數據和 XR 技術的結合如何創造引人入勝的視覺體驗。儘管這提高了使用者的參與感，但 XR 對於提升概念理解的影響仍然不確定。 Summary (EN) Seismic-XR is a mixed-reality educational tool designed to visualize seismic ground motions, allowing users to explore how seismic waves interact with various landscapes. A case study from Uttarakhand illustrates how computational modeling, geospatial data, and XR visualization can be combined into an engaging visual experience. While the approach appears to improve engagement, the abstract notes that the effect of XR on deeper conceptual understanding remains uncertain. ...